Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Essay Sample

Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Essay Sample Breastfeeding vs Formula Feeding If one thinks that the fiercest verbal battles are underway among politicians, he can be disappointed. Moms are the most passionate warriors when it goes on how to bring up a child. And one of the most ‘holy war’ topics is the kind of feeding to choose for a baby. The gist of the problem is the ability to choose: it is a pretty complicated process for everyone â€" to make choice. But even harder is to protect this choice later, to stay sure it is the best; otherwise a person feels uncomfortable, loses confidence and self-respect. There are several criteria for selecting breastfeeding or formula feeding. Benefit for a baby. According to the latest discoveries, breast milk is the only useful ‘food’ for a baby because of its composition. It contains all necessary substances, microelements, and vitamins for a baby’s growth and health; moreover, it is unique for each baby and it forms baby’s immunity, helps to adjust a digestive system’s excellent work. The formula is inferior in all aspects comparing it with breast milk in terms of benefit. Mother’s convenience and comfort. From one side, breastfeeding allows travelling without worrying of how to feed baby safely. It is possible anywhere and whenever. From the other side, a mother may not leave a child with someone more than for an hour or two, and it limits her social opportunities. Besides, no alcohol or nicotine, or junk food. So the only way to make a decision is a question of priorities â€" what is more crucial: to provide a baby with the perfect, clean food or desire/necessity to spend time without a baby and satisfy you with harmful substances. Affection and love between a mother and a child. There is no measurement tool that could display a level of feelings. There is no reliable evidence of having more intimacy and affection between a breastfeeding mom and her child than between a mom who chooses the formula. Only conjectures, psychology, and experience. Naturalness. Definitely, breastfeeding is totally natural, there is no a subject to discuss. But the formula feeding supports the claim that if we do not follow all natural instincts and habits of our ancestors, and use the results of progress in other fields, why should we do it in regard to feeding a baby? Ecology. Production of the formula, bottles, and related devices consume many, many resources and causes additional pollution of the environment. Mother’s health. There are researches announcing that breastfeeding reduces the likelihood of breast cancer. But there are no appropriate conditions to make these researches absolutely worthy of trust. So how to choose? The decision should be based on mother’s priorities, lifestyle, worldview, and â€" what is of the biggest importance â€" on full and proved information. It means that when the formula producers declare that the formula can substitute the breast milk it is lie. When they tell that there are mothers who have not breast milk or cannot feed their children it is not lie but manipulation because these cases are quite rare and are connected with diseases or exceptional circumstances. So yes, sometimes the formula is the only way to feed a baby (when there is no a wet nurse or donor breast milk), but in most cases it is merely the issue of choice that must be reasonable, weighted, and sound.

Types of Social Oppression and Their Origins

All About Application Essay Topics

All About Application Essay Topics The Secret to Application Essay Topics Once you have decided on a topic that appeals to you, you should concentrate on essay writing. As an essay is a typical and the most popular kind of writing tasks, there are lots of examples of different sorts of essays. Nowadays it is extremely difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. Students throughout the world struggle to craft necessary college essays and frequently find college essay help. They from all over the U.S. choose us to help write a great college essay papers. Many students don't know how to write a college essay. Whilst some college essay ideas are typical, others are just used too often. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is simply a form essay. A college essay isn't your diary. Some of our all-time preferred admissions essays are also a number of the shortest we have seen. Up in Arms About Application Essay Topics? The arrival of new technologies has made the writing process less complicated for people around the Earth, and now our custom made college essay service may ensure it is even simpler for you. Try to remember, the point of the essays is to demonstrate the admissions officers something they can't garner from the remainder of your application. It is easily one of the most difficult parts of the college application process. Your essay is the opportunity to add some flavor to your application. Here's What I Know About Application Essay Topics Second issue is they can support you later with your queries college you've got. Before you're able to address an issue, you need t o understand that the problem exists. Write about a problem which you have or wish to solve. Don't neglect to explain why the issue is significant to you! You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it might appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. Colleges want to find curious students, that are thoughtful concerning the world good them. Even more than knowing that you had the ability to fix the issue, colleges wish to observe how you approached the circumstance. Unfortunately, stumbling in the TMI zone of essay topics is more prevalent than you believe. Excessive humor can be disastrous particularly when it is misapplied. In order to be noticed, it's important to understand that there are numerous essay topics which are cliche and overused. It's ok to put in a bit of humor to your narrative. Utilizing a catch title or special college essay ideas are able to help you do that. There isn't a prompt to steer you, and that means you must ask yourself the questions that will get at the center of the story you would like to tell. When you're writing about yourself, be certain to include words that explain the emotions you're feeling at several areas of the story. In the event you decide you must chat about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, a very good method to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. The Battle Over Application Essay Topics and How to Win It Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a great fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Some students and counselors squawked, but I feel the word-count ceiling is an excellent thing. Therefore, if you're not already committed to a particular plan of study, don't worry. What's more, there's an allowance to use the identical funny approach utilized by the college. The essay is where to enable the admissions office of your intended college get to understand your personality, character, and the talents and techniques that aren't on your transcript. Based on extensive counselor feedback, the existent essay prompts provide great flexibility for applicants to inform their specific stories in their very own voice. The Key to Successful Application Essay Topics Different essay kinds need various approaches and kinds of analysis. It is not a four-letter wordthough you may feel like using a few of your own when it comes time to write one. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised.

What Is Risk (Report) Free Essays

1Introduction 2What is risk? 2. 1Material world and risk 2. 2Case study 1: allotment 2. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Risk? (Report) or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3Case study 2: sun exposure 2. 4Risk society and Ulrich Beck (1992) 3Understanding and knowledge 3. 1Geoffrey Rose (1850) 3. 2Epidemiology 3. 3Uncle Norman and last person 5Conclusion 6References Title: Risk and understanding through expert knowledge and lay dispute Introduction This report will look at how modern society is a risk society, how expert knowledge is used to understand risk and how lay people respond. Case studies will be used to show how expert knowledge on understanding and managing risk is communicated. These will show how the lay person disputes risks and make decisions without following the expert knowledge. The work of sociologists of Geoffrey Rose (1850) and Charlie Davison and colleagues (1991) is used to show how the lay person disputes expert knowledge by using their own everyday knowledge and experience. What is risk? 2. 1 Material world and risk In modern society we live in a material world that now provides us with material goods which previous societies didn’t have. However these new material goods can bring us benefits but also can bring us risks. Putting yourself, or something, at risk is putting yourself in a possible situation which would have a negative outcome. Thompson et al. did a study in 1989 on cyclists who wanted to try to manage the risk of a head injury by wearing a helmet while cycling. The results showed an 85% decrease in the risk of a head injury if a helmet was worn. However, research by Walker (2006) concluded that if a car was to overtake a cyclist wearing a helmet, they would drive closer. Using this expert knowledge some people may chose to not wear a helmet to keep divers at bay even though with a crash the risk of a head injury would be higher. . 2 Case study: allotment In 2003 Tim Jordan and his family had an allotment in Hackney in which they thought the soil was safe. Eighteen months after getting the allotment their local authority, sent them a letter telling them the soil was poisoned with arsenic and lead. The test used by the council measured the total amount of poison in the soil using soil plug s. These samples were sent to a laboratory where the level of poison was compared to ‘soil guidance values’ (Exploring Social Lives, 2009 p. 54). This was a well established tests scientists used to develop their expert knowledge about soil and poisons. The soil was then tested in a different way with a PBET (physiologically based extraction test). The basis of this test was to measure the level of poison in the soil that would enter the human body. The test tries to create a situation of the soil passing through the human digestive system of a two year old. This test showed that the level of poison in the soil was less then the earlier test. Both tests gave the public information about the level of poison and therefore the level of risk in gardening on that soil. But each test gave the lay person different information making it difficult for them to be certain about the risk. This case study shows that expert knowledge if not always consistent. 2. 3 Case study 2: sun exposure The sun exposure case study concentrates on Glaswegians attitude towards sun exposure whilst knowing the risks. Simon Carter conducts research on the attitude towards sun exposure drawn from interviews and focus groups of tourists between ages 20 – 35 who regularly travel abroad. This research found that those involved were aware of health advice on how to protect themselves from the dangers of sun exposure and why. Glaswegians find going on holiday without a pre-holiday tan as embarrassing. The Glaswegian term ‘peely-wally’ is used to describe people who are pale ‘When you’re away and the sunglasses and white legs come out I’m ashamed to be Scottish †¦ it’s like if you see a group of peely-wally people then they are Scottish. ’ (Exploring Social Lives, 2009 p. 75) Even though these people knew about the risks of sun exposure they decided not to follow the advise to decrease the risk of damaging themselves due to the idea of looking healthy with a tan. This is an example of expert knowledge being disputed by the lay public because getting brown and having a tan was more important than the risk of illness in the future. . 4 Risk Society and Ulrich Beck In 1986 reactor number four of the Chernobyl nuclear power complex exploded and released radiation causing 28 deaths and left 200 people sick with radiation (Spivak 1992). As radioactive material is invisible to the human eye, it was a challenge for humans to know exactly where had been affected. This meant the public who lived in the ‘fallout’ zone to the radiation became reliant on the expert knowledge of the risk they were faced, ‘open to a social process of definition’ (Beck, 1989, p. 88). Beck defined ‘risk society’ (Exploring Social Lives, 2009, p. 0) to describe the social impact of risk and showed how the complex risks in society needed expert knowledge to explain them. Understanding and knowledge of risk 3. 1 Epidemiology Epidemiology is a way of understanding how illness and disease is transferred across populations by tracing how the infections move across countries. Epidemiology has also been used in understanding risk when experts have used data to work out the probability (chance) of a risk happening. Doll and Hill (1950) showed that a high percentage of people who smoked had lung cancer and so they argued that smoking was a risk. This expert knowledge is based on understanding a pattern rather than the cause of lung cancer. 3. 2 Geoffrey Rose (1850) Epidemiological research is always carried out on a whole group of people but when the risks are communicated they are aimed at the individual. Prevention paradox was defined by Geoffrey Rose (1850). It describes the situation where the solution to prevent a risk will offer the community benefit that may not apply to each individual. Rose describes it best by saying that the ‘measure that brings large benefits to the community offers little to each participating individual’ (Rose, 1891, p. 850). Rose uses vaccinations to describe prevention paradox. Not every child will suffer from the illnesses prevented by vaccinations however every child will have a vaccination in order to prevent the one child that would need it. ‘599 â€Å"wasted† immunisations for the one that was effective’ (Rose, 1981, p. 1850). 3. 3 Lay dispute of risk Dav ison et al. found that people in every day life talked about health and illness. They knew people who had followed all the health advice and still became sick and died and other people who had not followed any of the advice and had no negative effects. This results in a type of lay epidemiology through which people dispute the expert knowledge and reinforce the experience of individuals in their everyday life. 4. Conclusion As society has become more complex and the public have more choices of consumer goods and services that there are risk as well as benefits in these. Many of these risks are complicated to understand and so need experts to study and explain them. This has led to the risk society where expert knowledge is used to help the lay public understand the risks facing them everyday. There is evidence that the lay public disputes the expert knowledge and makes decisions not to follow advice, such as using sun protection. This is partly because expert knowledge can be contradictory with different studies showing different risks but also because the expert knowledge does not always match the individuals experience. 1295 Words Beck, U. (1989) ‘On the way to the industrial risk-society? Outline of an argument’, Thesis Eleven, vol. 23, pp. 86-103 Bromley, S. Clarke, J. Hinchliffe, S. Taylor, S (2009) ‘Exploring Social Lives’ Carter, S. and Jordan, T. Chapter 2 Living with risk and risky living’, Open University, Milton Keynes. Carter, S. (1997) ‘Who wants to be a â€Å"peelie wally’’? Glaswegian tourists’ attitudes to sun tans and sun exposure’ in Clift, S. and Grabowski, P. (eds) Tourism and Health: Risks, Responses and Research, London, Pinter. Rose, G. (1981) ‘Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease’, British Medical Journal, vol. 282, pp. 1847-53 Walker, I. (2006) ‘Drivers overtaking bicyclists’ [online], http://drainwalker. com/overtaking/overtakingprobrief. pdf (Accessed 14 April 2009) How to cite What Is Risk? (Report), Papers

Positive Impact free essay sample

The Atlantic Slave Trade had a both positive and negative impact on those involved in it to an extent. Britains economy benefited greatly from the slave trade as many industries flourished. This was an immense opportunity for those who were unemployed as it provided thousands of jobs. People were employed in industries like the building and repair of slave ships, selling the goods produced by slaves such as sugar and cotton, and banking.This resulted in the slave trade becoming the financial base of development of Britain. However, not everyone benefited from this trade as it had an enormous negative impact on Africans society and economy. The 37 years Of slave capturing and exporting resulted in wars between tribes and drained Africans population of 12 million of its strongest youth. This resulted in Africans economic development in being hindered. For Africans the physical experience of slavery was painful, traumatic and long-lasting.Britain benefited from the slave trade in many ways including the economy, as slavery became part of the financial base of development in Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Impact or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many economic factors contributed to slavery including the demands of plantation arming, servant slaves and the growth of the slave trade as its own industry. Plantation farming emerged as a way to earn a profitable crop and dominated the southern colonies. In plantations African slaves worked in hundreds from dawn until dusk producing goods that supplied Britain. These goods consisted of sugar, cotton, tobacco and rum.All these crops were very labor intensive requiring hundreds of workers to preserve them. The British became the largest and most efficient carriers of slaves to the new world. Therefore huge profits were made by the labor of unpaid slaves. Liverpool ND Bristol were the main trading ports in Britain, Liverpool alone made IEEE,OHO per year from the slave trade. Scotland was also heavily involved in the slave trade, Scots went out to colonies and generated great wealth for Scotland based on slave labor. Glasgow Tobacco Lords profited from the slave trade, as did the merchants of London, Liverpool and Bristol.The city of London catered the economic services that were necessary for the slave trade, this included insurance and loans for slave traders. F. G Kay wrote about the social changes that happened in Britain following the growth of the lave trade, in a book named The Shameful Trade published in 1967. He states the slave trade created a new class of wealthy colonial families. Bristol merchants who were great dealers increased their trade with the islands Of the Caribbean. They also became specialists in trading with West Africa and retailing captured slaves.The trade also created, sustained and relied on a large support of shipping services, ports and finance companies employing thousands of ordinary people. Many slave ships were need and thousands of jobs were created through this. Jobs in making slave ships, repairing, financing and insuring all flourished. By 1 780 Liverpool had become the largest slave-ship building site in Britain. This also provided thousands of sailors with work. . Insurance was one of the biggest industries during the slave trade, insurance and long term loans created new opportunities for making more money.Slave merchants and sugar plantation owners needed to borrow money to keep their businesses going. Merchants involved in the triangular trade found that insurance was vital because if their ship hit a storm during the voyage its cargo could be lost, and if that ship is not insured then they could lose everything. There were huge profits in selling the goods reduced by slaves such as cotton, sugar and tobacco. Thousands of people were employed in factories to make exportable goods that were traded in for slaves in Africa these were guns, textiles and pottery.People were also employed in making brass and copper in Yorkshire, weavers in Birmingham, chain makers and sugar refiners in Greengrocer. The slave trade made Britain the worlds leading sea power and it helped finance the industrial revolution. The British government made a fortune from the taxes related to the slave trade. Nonetheless not everyone profited from the slave trade, The Atlantic Slave Trade had enormous negative effects on the continent of Africa. Many parts of Africa suffered from an increase in violence, drain of people and an economy increasingly reliant on slavery.As a result of this Africa fell behind the rest of the world. Having fewer young healthy people to produce food would make famine more likely and the rates of death worse. Slavery led to the movement of thousands of people across Africa, allowing disease to spread between different parts of Africa. A lot of good land was left uncultivated and not looked after because there were not enough young people left to farm it. African slaves took with them their religion, traditions, cooking clothes, music and dance.These had a negative impact on Americans as it led to voodoo in the West Indies. The slave trade encouraged conflicts between African tribes, raids and kidnapping. The demand for more slaves led to increased hatred and violence between communities in Africa. There was also the spread of racist ideology to justify the enslavement of Africans. It is estimated that up to 12 million Africans were snatched from their homeland shipped to the Caribbean to work on plantations. Thousands of African villages were ruined as they were raided for slaves.The farming in Africa changed to grow crops which were brought to supply slave ships. African chiefs and kings stopped ruling by law as they became greedy cunning tradesmen. The 37 years Of slave capturing and exporting drained Africa Of millions of its strongest youth. As a result of this the population became unbalanced and the adult male population was reduced to 20%. Overall Africa was the only continent to be affected in this way, and because of the loss in population it became a major factor leading to its economic hardship. John Newton was a British slave trader in West Africa. In a small extract from his journal he comments on the immoral methods used between Africans and Europeans, he states Europeans try to cheat Africans at every turn. Any article of trade that can be cheapened is so. Spirits are diluted with water, kegs of gunpowder have false bottoms and pieces are cut out of rolls of cloth. In conclusion it is clear that Britain benefited from the Atlantic Slave Trade. We know this because of how it boosted the British economy as many industries grew, created thousands of jobs and supplied Britain with essential everyday life goods.We also know that colonies were established on the backs of hard-working African slaves. However not everyone benefited from the slave trade as it made Africa suffer greatly. Up to 12 million young strong Africans were forced out of their homelands and brought to the Caribbean to work without pay. Families separated and sold to go and work on plantations from dawn until dusk. Thousands of villages were wrecked because of the raiding for slaves. African leaders became dishonest, deceptive greedy tradesmen which resulted in Africa becoming corrupt.

Is Your Website Accessible

Is Your Website Accessible Build a platform! urge publishing gurus. Establish an online presence! You dutifully obey. Facebook? On it. Twitter? Rule it. Website? Of course, and it rocks! But did you know you might be restricting an entire group of users and customers from accessing your website and hence, from reaching you? This group consists of people with disabilities. The US Census Bureau states nearly 57 million people, thats 19 percent of civilians, have a disability. Youmay have a family member or friend, know a neighbour or student who is disabled. Imagine them trying to do a basic search online that you take for granted. These same people are also doing exactly what the rest of us are: working, enjoying food and drink, leisure and relaxation, sport and adventure. So why should they be prevented from utilising something as normal and taken-for-granted as a website? What is accessibility? Accessibility describes the degree to which a product, service, or environment is available to people. The more the number of people who can use it, the higher its accessibility. Correctly designed and developed websites empower everyone to have equal access to information and services. Examples of accessibility include: Providing text descriptions of images with meaningful links helps blind users using text-to-speech software or text-to-Braille hardware to read the content. Enabling text and images to enlarge helps users with poor eyesight.   Underlining and highlighting hyperlinks helps colour blind users notice them. Making action areas, like hyperlinks and buttons, large; and enabling keyboard navigation of menus helps users who cant control a mouse with precision or cant keep their hands steady. Captioning videos or providing sign language versions helps the deaf. Avoiding excessive flashing, flickering and special effects considers users prone to seizures. Writing content in plain language and illustrating with diagrams helps users with dyslexia and learning difficulties understand better. Is your website accessible enough? There are a number of options online to help you find out. A one-click website accessibility audit likehttp://wave.webaim.org/ is a system test that can identify accessibility problems and provide guidance on remedial steps. A list of other automated tools available to evaluate website features can be found here: w3.org/WAI/ER/tools/index.html. These tools dont test everything, but can provide a good idea of the extent of your websites accessibility. Must I make my website accessible? While accessibility is not required Your website is your showcase to the world, your online home. Youre proud of it and have invested time and resources in making it useful, relevant and dynamic. You want everybody whos anybody to visit it. Follow the four principles of accessibility explained in simple English athttp://devyaniborade.blogspot.com/p/principles-of-web-accessibility.html to make your website more accessible to all.

Timeline of the Algerian War of Independence

Timeline of the Algerian War of Independence Here is a timeline of the Algerian War of Independence. It dates from the time of French colonization to the end of the Battle of Algiers. The Wars Origins in French Colonization of Algeria 1830 Algiers is occupied by France. 1839 Abd el-Kader declares war on the French after their meddling in the administration of his territory. 1847 Abd el-Kader surrenders. France finally subjugates Algeria. 1848 Algeria is recognized as an integral part of France. The colony is opened to European settlers. 1871 Colonization of Algeria increases in response to the loss of the Alsace-Lorraine region to the German Empire. 1936 Blum-Viollette reform is blocked by French Settlers. March 1937 The Parti du Peuple Algerien (PPA, Algerian Peoples Party) is formed by the veteran Algerian nationalist Messali Hadj. 1938 Ferhat Abbas forms the Union Populaire Algrienne (UPA, Algerian Popular Union). 1940 World War IIFall of France. 8 November 1942 Allied landings in Algeria and Morocco. May 1945 World War II Victory in Europe.Independence demonstrations in Stif turn violent. French authorities respond with severe reprisals leading to thousands of Muslim deaths. October 1946 The Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Liberts Dmocratiques (MTLD, Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties) replaces the PPA, with Messali Hadj as president. 1947 The Organization Spciale (OS, Special Organization) is formed as a paramilitary arm of the MTLD. 20 September 1947 A new constitution for Algeria is established. All Algerian citizens are offered French citizenship (of equal status to those of France). However, when an Algerian National Assembly is convened it is skewed to settlers compared to indigenous Algerians two politically equal 60-member colleges are created, one representing the 1.5 million European settlers, the other for 9 million Algerian Muslims. 1949 Attack on the central post office of Oran by the Organization Spciale (OS, Special Organization). 1952 Several leaders of the Organization Spciale (OS, Special Organization) are arrested by French Authorities. Ahmed Ben Bella, however, manages to escape to Cairo. 1954 The Comit Rvolutionaire dUnit et dAction (CRUA, Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action) is set up by several former members of the Organization Spciale (OS, Special Organization). They intend to lead the revolt against French rule. A conference in Switzerland by CRUA officials sets out the future administration of Algeria after the defeat of the French six administrative districts (Wilaya) under the command of a military chief are established. June 1954 New French government under the Parti Radical (Radical Party) and with Pierre Mends-France as chairman of the Council of Ministers, an acknowledged opponent of French colonialism, withdraws troops from Vietnam following the fall of Dien Bien Phu. This is seen by Algerians as a positive step towards recognition of independence movements in French-occupied territories.